M. Sag (Presentation), here (pptx - not pdf - file, thanks @carlopiana).
Friday, August 09, 2013
On the question of copyright infringement by hyperlink (in email)
Pearson Education, Inc. et Al., Plaintiffs, V. Lazar Ishayev and Yelena Leykina, No. 11 Civ. 5052 (PAE), here.
My Take on the WIPO Marrakesh Treaty/2
(Post n.1 here).
Paradoxically, perhaps, the question of an adequate protection of the rights to read of people with print disabilities became particularly pressing with the advent of the digital society.
Paradoxically, perhaps, the question of an adequate protection of the rights to read of people with print disabilities became particularly pressing with the advent of the digital society.
For the general reading population, the pervasive deployment of information and communication technologies makes available many innovative and exciting ways in which copyright material can be enjoyed. The same technology has also pushed doors of opportunity open to provide new solutions to meet the needs of print disabled people. For instance, a visually impaired person can now take a traditional printed text and convert it to an accessible format by using main stream and increasingly affordable technology like Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, scanning devices, screen readers or an electronic (refreshable) Braille display. Moreover, e-books hold the promise of providing greatly increased accessibility for print disabled persons compared to the analogue media. As it already happened in the past, new general purpose technology, i.e. innovations not conceived having the needs of specific categories of users in mind, can greatly benefit also the print disabled. Thus, Thomas Edison correctly anticipated in 1878 that the then newly conceived phonograph player would have led, eventually, to the availability of “[p]honographic books, which will speak to blind people without effort on their part.”
Even with our propitious technological advances, however, print disabled people still encounter significant difficulties in accessing written resources. Electronic texts, for instance, are often inaccessible because of the non-availability of specific text-to-speech or text-to-braille capabilities, or because of the need to buy dedicated, and often relatively expensive, equipment. Moreover, deliberate hardware limitations such as those found in popular e-readers hamper accessibility. Most importantly, whilst written materials today are commonly created as digital works, the formats employed by the publishing industry are seldom genuinely accessible, delaying or even blocking “off the shelf access” for the print disabled.
[This blog's "Feuilleton de l'été 2013" continues - possibly next week]
Minority Report? The EC’s public consultation on minority shareholdings
Kluwercompetitionlawblog.com, here.
Thursday, August 08, 2013
My take on the WIPO Marrakesh Treaty/1
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide encounter severe
distress in trying to access the written word in their education and private
life. Only by employing appropriate technologies, such as for instance the
method first developed by Louis Braille in 1829, written works can to be made accessible to people who suffer from print
disabilities. The creation of accessible versions of copyrighted works and
their distribution to the beneficiary persons, however, normally require the
consent of the respective rightholders.
Whilst international treaties and
conventions in the area of intellectual property generally permit
exceptions and limitations to the rights of the IP holder to be provided, their
nature and scope have been largely left to national legislators to determine. By
1982, only seven member States of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
enacted provisions in that respect, and twenty-five years later exceptions
and limitations for the benefit of print disabled person were present only in 57
member States - out of the then 184-strong overall membership.
According to a study commissioned by the Royal National
Institute of the Blind and covering books published in the United Kingdom in
the period 2004-2010, just some 7 per
cent of them were accessible to blind people and others living with a print
disability,
0.25 per cent of which in traditional
formats like hard copy braille and human voice audio, and 6.80 as accessible
e-books. Unsurprisingly, the situation is considered to
be much worse in developing and least-developed countries, where the majority
of persons with visual impairments or with other print disabilities live.
In 2006, the text of the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) was adopted and entered into force
two years later. The text of Convention strongly reaffirms the right to read for people
with disability. The
WIPO Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who
are Blind, Visually Impaired, or otherwise Print Disabled, concluded on June
27, 2013, aims at addressing
the self-evident paucity of available works in accessible format copies (“book famine”).
The newly adopted Treaty sets an elaborate international legal framework in the
form of, first, an obligation for contracting parties to adopt in their respective
national legislations exceptions and limitations that permit the reproduction,
distribution and making available of published works in accessible formats.
Second, the Treaty provides for the cross-border exchange of accessible format
works created based on limitations and exceptions.
The Marrakesh Treaty takes a resolute step towards a
more satisfactory balance between the print disabled persons’ legitimate need
to access copyrighted works and the necessary protection of the rights of the
copyright holders. The Treaty is also a première
on the international stage, being the first multilateral, binding legal
instrument primarily devoted to the establishment of exceptions and limitations
in copyright law. In fact, much of the considerable efforts put into the development
of the international copyright framework so far focused almost exclusively on
defining and protecting the rights needed to promote the important aim of
encouraging and rewarding creativity. Restriction or limitations upon authors justified
by the broader “public interest” were almost exclusively left
to national legislators, albeit within the boundaries set by the relevant
treaties and conventions.
The so-called three-step
test, arguably the most significant among those boundaries, took central
stage throughout the nearly five years of arduous Treaty negotiations. The
final text adopted in Marrakesh contains one direct reference to the test in
the Preamble, two in Agreed statements, Article 5.4 deals with the so called "Berne gap", and Article 11 sets the obligation, for
the Contracting Parties adopting the measures necessary to ensure the
application of the Marrakesh Treaty, to comply
with the three-step test as
formulated in the different international mandatory legal instruments under which
they are bound. While the language of the three-step
test has not changed since its original formulation in the1967 Stockholm Revision of the Berne Convention, its
interpretation remains highly controversial. In this respect, the adopted Treaty is also particularly relevant since it
sheds some light on questions that timely, subsequent revisions of the Berne
Convention should have already helped clarify.
(to be continued, hopefully soon; ACW).
For further material see the label visually impaired and copyright (actually a misnomer, in light of the final Treaty)
All future episodes here.
For further material see the label visually impaired and copyright (actually a misnomer, in light of the final Treaty)
All future episodes here.
Wednesday, August 07, 2013
Copyright and the Digital Economy
Submission by the Australian Digital Alliance and Australian Libraries Copyright Committee in response to the Australian Law Reform Commission’s Discussion Paper, here.
Tuesday, August 06, 2013
Monday, August 05, 2013
Sunday, August 04, 2013
Saturday, August 03, 2013
Thursday, August 01, 2013
Green paper on copyright policy, creativity and innovation in the digital economy
US Department of Commerce, here.
Wednesday, July 31, 2013
Tuesday, July 30, 2013
AP-Meltwater Settlement Dims Prospects for European Ruling on Internet Browsing
Project-disco.org, here.
Standard Essential Patent Disputes and Antitrust Law
US Senate Judiciary Committee - Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights. Written testimonies here.
Monday, July 29, 2013
Friday, July 26, 2013
Thursday, July 25, 2013
Wednesday, July 24, 2013
Canada’s Competition Tribunal rejects commissioner’s challenge to Visa and MasterCard rules
Nortonrosefulbright.com, here.
Cloud Computing: An Overview of the Technology and the Issues facing American Innovators
Hearing, Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet, here.
Tuesday, July 23, 2013
Monday, July 22, 2013
Introduction effects of the Australian plain packaging policy on adult smokers: a cross-sectional study
M. Wakefield, L. Hayes, S. Durkin, R. Borland, here.
Legal aspects of free and open source software - compilation of briefing notes
European Parliament, here.
Protecting Shared and Widely Distributed Traditional Knowledge: Issues, challenges and options
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, here.
Saturday, July 06, 2013
Swedish Court asks preliminary questions to ECJ about linking to content
Futureofcopyright.com, here.
Sunday, June 30, 2013
Competition in the Context of Financial Crisis
American Bar Association Section of Antitrust Law 60th Spring Meeting, the Antitrust source,here.
Wednesday, June 26, 2013
Tuesday, June 25, 2013
AG Jääskinen on search engines and lack of responsibility for personal data appearing on web pages they process
Case C-131/12, Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, here.
Engagements pour mettre fin à l'« inertie du marché »: Fret maritime Europe-Antilles
Autorité de la Concurrence, ici.
Monday, June 24, 2013
Saturday, June 22, 2013
Friday, June 21, 2013
Thursday, June 20, 2013
Rechtsstreit um exklusiven Zugriff von Juris auf Urteile des BVerfG geht weiter
Institut für Urheber- und Medienrecht, hier.
Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Friday, June 14, 2013
Thursday, June 13, 2013
Institutional experimentation? The integration of competion law and regulation enforcement in Spain
F. Marcos, J. Mora-Sanguinetti, here.
Wednesday, June 12, 2013
Measuring Patent Quality: Indicators of Technological and Economic Value
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2013/03, here.
Monday, June 10, 2013
Diritto d'autore e biblioteche in chiave evolutiva
S. Vezzoso (autrice del blog), presentazione qui.
Royaume-Uni: Une Loi-cadre à propos des oeuvres orphelines et des licences collectives étendues
Axelbeelen.wordpress.com, ici.
Friday, June 07, 2013
Draft legislation on copyright exceptions in the UK
Ipo.gov.uk, here.
Drafts for the other exceptions will be released as soon as they are ready.
Drafts for the other exceptions will be released as soon as they are ready.
Télévision payante: trois offres de référence de Groupe Canal Plus approuvées
Autorité de la concurrence, ici.
Vollständiger Ausschluss der Akteneinsicht (auch gegenüber dem Kronzeugen) verstößt gegen EU-Recht
L. Maritzen, hier (Kartellblog.de).
Defending an Open, Global, Secure, and Resilient Internet
Council of Foreign Relations, here (pdf file).
Thursday, June 06, 2013
CJEU on action for damages and access to the file
Case C‑536/11, Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde v Donau Chemie AG et al., here.
Patent Assertion Entities and Antitrust: Operating Company Patent Transfers
M. Popofsky and M. Laufert, here.
Wednesday, June 05, 2013
Brief of Digital Humanities and Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Authors Guild v. Hathitrust
M. Jockers, M. Sag, J. Schultz, here.
Leaked mandate for EU-US trade deal opens floodgate to lawsuits by corporations
Corporateeurope.org, here.
Towards Empirical Analysis Of Open Government Data Initiatives
B. Ubaldi, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, here.
Council Draft Compromise Text on the Proposed EU Data Protection Regulation
Huntonprivacyblog.com, here.
Kommunale Monopole sind gute Monopole, die keinerlei Aufsicht bedürfen
J. Haucap (Edgeworthblogs.wordpress.com), hier.
Pfizer's slams India's patent regime, says Indian standards are vague and malleable
Economictimes.indiatimes.com, here.
Tuesday, June 04, 2013
Protecting innovators from frivolous litigation and ensuring the highest-quality patents
White House Task Force On High-Tech Patent Issues, here.
World Blind Union Response To The Business Lobby Against The Proposed Wipo Treaty For Visually Impaired People
Worldblindunion.org, here (Word file)
Monday, June 03, 2013
Friday, May 31, 2013
From Microsoft to Google: What Have We Learned about Antitrust in Technology Platform Markets?
R. Picker, here (lecture slides).
Smart Disclosure and Consumer Decision Making: Report of the Task Force on Smart Disclosure
US National Science and Technology Council, here.
Thursday, May 30, 2013
The Role of the ‘Equally Efficient Competitor’ in the Assessment of Abuse of Dominance
M. Mandorff, J. Sahl, here.
Friday, May 24, 2013
Thursday, May 23, 2013
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Is Letter to Larry Page the First Step Towards Legislating Google Glass?
Thesecuretimes.wordpress.com, here.
Friday, May 17, 2013
Privatheit im Internet. Chancen wahrnehmen, Risiken einschätzen, Vertrauen gestalten
acatech – Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, here.
Revising copyright law: libraries, archives, museums and educational institutions
Statement of L. Gasaway, Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Internet Committee on the Judiciary, here.
Thursday, May 16, 2013
Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Innovation: Evidence from TRIPS
M. Kyle, Y. Qian, H. Xie, here.
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
A Case Study for Consensus Building: The Copyright Principles Project
US Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Internet, here.
Shakespeare Review of PSI in the UK
Here.
------
Page 66:
"Healthcare data is increasingly held across sectors – public NHS organisations as well as private individuals and providers. In that context, encouraging data to be shared to derive maximum value requires an intellectual property rights ownership model that aligns private interests (e.g. in privacy and commercial sensitivity) with social interest in generating collaborative uses of data."
P.33:
------
Page 66:
"Healthcare data is increasingly held across sectors – public NHS organisations as well as private individuals and providers. In that context, encouraging data to be shared to derive maximum value requires an intellectual property rights ownership model that aligns private interests (e.g. in privacy and commercial sensitivity) with social interest in generating collaborative uses of data."
P.33:
"Data that is derived from the activity of citizens must be seen as being at least co-owned
by them and returning value to them, though the investment of business in collecting and
processing the data should also be respected. There are government initiatives such as
Midata, a government led project that works with businesses to give consumers better
access to the electronic personal data that companies hold about them. The project
recognises that data about citizens belongs to them and that they should have a way of
claiming and using their ownership. Midata is currently about empowering consumers –
government itself should explicitly embrace the Midata initiative to empower citizens by
returning key data it holds on citizens back to them."
Tuesday, May 14, 2013
Sanofi-Aventis sanctionnée pour dénigrement à l'encontre des génériques de Plavix
Autorité de la Concurrence, ici.
Avoiding the 'Robin Hood Syndrome' in Developing Antitrust Jurisdictions
A. Abbott, S. Sacher, here.
Monday, May 13, 2013
Friday, May 10, 2013
Thursday, May 09, 2013
Wednesday, May 08, 2013
Public and Universal Service Obligations and Competition
M. Harker, A. Kreutzmann, C. Waddams, here.
Tuesday, May 07, 2013
Monday, May 06, 2013
EU Commission sends Statement of Objections to Motorola Mobility on potential misuse of mobile phone standard-essential patents
Press Release, here.
----------
Apple's "willingness" specified:
"Apple had declared that it would be willing to be bound by a determination of the FRAND royalties by the German court". Further, from the Memo:
"By contrast, a potential licensee which remains passive and unresponsive to a request to enter into licensing negotiations or is found to employ clear delaying tactics cannot be generally considered as willing."
Moreover, specifically to the relevance of the so-called German "Orange Book" case-law on injunctions:
"The 2009 "Orange Book" ruling of the German Supreme Court established that a potential licensee can raise a competition law defence against an application for an injunction by showing that (i) it has made an unconditional offer to license under terms that cannot be rejected by the patent-holder without abusing its dominant position, and (ii) it actually acted as if had entered into a valid patent licence. The Supreme Court's ruling did not specifically relate to SEPs. The Commission's preliminary view is that an interpretation of that ruling whereby a willing licensee is essentially not entitled to challenge the validity and essentiality of the SEPs in question is potentially anti-competitive."
----------
Apple's "willingness" specified:
"Apple had declared that it would be willing to be bound by a determination of the FRAND royalties by the German court". Further, from the Memo:
"By contrast, a potential licensee which remains passive and unresponsive to a request to enter into licensing negotiations or is found to employ clear delaying tactics cannot be generally considered as willing."
Moreover, specifically to the relevance of the so-called German "Orange Book" case-law on injunctions:
"The 2009 "Orange Book" ruling of the German Supreme Court established that a potential licensee can raise a competition law defence against an application for an injunction by showing that (i) it has made an unconditional offer to license under terms that cannot be rejected by the patent-holder without abusing its dominant position, and (ii) it actually acted as if had entered into a valid patent licence. The Supreme Court's ruling did not specifically relate to SEPs. The Commission's preliminary view is that an interpretation of that ruling whereby a willing licensee is essentially not entitled to challenge the validity and essentiality of the SEPs in question is potentially anti-competitive."
Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy
US National Research Council of the National Academies, here.
Friday, May 03, 2013
Educational Fair Use: Amici Curiae in Support of Georgia State University
Academic Authors and Legal Scholars, here.
Thursday, May 02, 2013
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
How the Google Consent Order Alters the Process and Outcomes of Frand Bargaining
E. Dorsey, M. McGuire, here.
Who Needs Guidance from Above? District Court Finds its Own Way in Viacom v. YouTube
Aaronsanderslaw.com, here.
Monday, April 29, 2013
Microsoft-Motorola follow-up: A look at Judge Robart’s modified Georgia-Pacific RAND methodology
Essentialpatentblog.com, here.
European parliament starts discussing the proposed Directive on collective management of copyright
Communia-association.org, here.
Saturday, April 27, 2013
Friday, April 26, 2013
Google's rivals set to reject compromises around EC antitrust investigation
TheGuardian.co.uk, here.
Thursday, April 25, 2013
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Canada: Privacy and Social Media in the Age of Big Data
Report of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics, House of Commons, here.
Tuesday, April 23, 2013
Vers une redéfinition du « cercle de famille » en faveur du partage des oeuvres sur Internet ?
Scinfolex.wordpress.com, here.
Monday, April 22, 2013
The European Commission Policy on Open Access: the Importance of Text and Data Mining
J.-F. Dechamp, here (Presentation)
Brussels Court of Appeal: embedding illegal YouTube content is no copyright breach
Futureofcopyright.com, here.
Indian copyright organisation asks colleges to buy licence to photocopy book portions
Economictimes.indiatimes.com, here.
Friday, April 19, 2013
Competition Authority reminder to businesses: resale price maintenance is against the law
Competition Authority (Ireland), here.
Bußgeldbemessung bei Kartellverstößen wird an BGH-Rechtsprechung angepasst
Bundeskartellamt.de, hier.
The Future of Interoperable E-books: What Libraries Need to Know
Slides from NISO’s Virtual Conference, here.
Thursday, April 18, 2013
Bruno Lasserre on Competition Policy Attitudes in France
My quick take
on the very interesting speech given today in Trento by the Chairman of the
French Competition Authority.
- Sort
of schizophrenia between consumers (pro) and citizens (more skeptical) towards
competition policy.
- The
glorious days of competition policy in France go back to at least 1791, when guilds (corporations) were suppressed by initiative of the revolutionaries.
- Before
WWII, the attitude in France was generally very positive, at a time in which,
by contrast, Germany was much more in favor of cartelizing the economy.
-
After
WWII: public intervention into the economy much welcomed by French citizens,
competition policy experienced mostly as an external imposition.
-
Leftist
reason to support competition during last political election: fight against
privilege by birth; “equality of chances” (égalité) still very popular.
- Governments
in general less procompetition than members of Parliament because of economic
pressures by big players.
- French
civil servants not believing in competition: 77%; French judges: even more
(figure not disclosed).
- Going ahead, dramatically
important in order to convince citizens of the benefits of competition
policy: private/class actions!
- Draft
bill on class actions in France: too narrow.
- Average loss per mobile phone user due to 2005 telecoms’ cartel: 70 Euro per year (cartel’s duration: 2 ½ y.)
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D. Baldacci, here.
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Orf.at, hier (Max Schrems ab 9:34).
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Podcast, here.
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T. Höppner, here.
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Not the usual Competition Commissioner's statement. Whole-of-Commission Approach? EC, here . [Dutch company buying an US company, mind...