A. Foer, here.
Wednesday, June 29, 2016
First Draft! Online Platforms, Rate Parity, and the Free Riding Defence
S. Vezzoso (this blog's author), here.
Abstract: A two-sided platform business is a new type of intermediary to be found in a growing number of economic sectors. As to the hospitability industry in particular, recent innovations in the field of digital technologies prompted the rise of so called Online Travel Agents (OTAs) and the demise of the traditional merchant model.
Abstract: A two-sided platform business is a new type of intermediary to be found in a growing number of economic sectors. As to the hospitability industry in particular, recent innovations in the field of digital technologies prompted the rise of so called Online Travel Agents (OTAs) and the demise of the traditional merchant model.
Recently national competition authorities (NCAs) in the EU investigated so called rate parity clauses in the contracts between the three largest OTAs and their hotel partners. These are contract clauses laying down the hotelier’s obligation to display the same room prices across sales channels. The parallel investigations conducted by the NCAs revealed an array of serious anticompetitive effects stemming from rate parity obligations. While the German NCA concluded that there was insufficient evidence of the efficiency gains of these clauses, and therefore decided to prohibit them, the French, Italian and Swedish NCAs implicitly recognised that some level of protection against free-riding was necessary, and accepted commitments to reduce the scope of the rate parity obligation.
The hotel online booking cases were closely followed in the EU and beyond, since they could help clarify a number of key assessment issues concerning a category of commercial practices already widely spread in online markets. In-depth analyses of the NCAs’ findings are now needed, especially in view of the promotion of an effective antitrust-based platform regulation. In particular, this article explores some of the challenges related to the application of the traditional free-riding defence to rate parity obligations.
The hotel online booking cases were closely followed in the EU and beyond, since they could help clarify a number of key assessment issues concerning a category of commercial practices already widely spread in online markets. In-depth analyses of the NCAs’ findings are now needed, especially in view of the promotion of an effective antitrust-based platform regulation. In particular, this article explores some of the challenges related to the application of the traditional free-riding defence to rate parity obligations.
Net Neutrality Rules Will Make Winners and Losers Out of Businesses
S. Greenstein, M. Peitz, T. Valletti, here.
Tuesday, June 28, 2016
The ultimate Brexit Song
"It Doesn't Have To Be", Erasure, Video here.
You are one side
And I am on the other
Are we divided?
You are one side
I am on the other
Are we divided?
Why can't we live together
There are no rights
This isn't your decision
We need to talk of changing things
But no one wants to listen
It doesn't have to be like that
It doesn't have to be like that
It doesn't have to be like that
A heart on the inside
The same as any other
Are we divided?
Someone always has to suffer
We are broken
There's no one left to change it
Is that the way it has to be?
Why can't we rearrange it?
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that
Alava mo ja na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Zimbabwe abo naga na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Alava mo ja na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Zimbabwe abo naga na me me limbaniango limbaniago
What is the secret
In calling me a brother?
Are we divided?
Always one against the other
We are strong now
Put down the ammunition
For what we know is right
Is gonna breakdown this division
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
(One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
(One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that
You are one side
And I am on the other
Are we divided?
And I am on the other
Are we divided?
You are one side
I am on the other
Are we divided?
Why can't we live together
There are no rights
This isn't your decision
We need to talk of changing things
But no one wants to listen
It doesn't have to be like that
It doesn't have to be like that
It doesn't have to be like that
A heart on the inside
The same as any other
Are we divided?
Someone always has to suffer
We are broken
There's no one left to change it
Is that the way it has to be?
Why can't we rearrange it?
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that
Alava mo ja na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Zimbabwe abo naga na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Alava mo ja na me me limbaniango limbaniago
Zimbabwe abo naga na me me limbaniango limbaniago
What is the secret
In calling me a brother?
Are we divided?
Always one against the other
We are strong now
Put down the ammunition
For what we know is right
Is gonna breakdown this division
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
(One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that (One against one)
(One against one)
It doesn't have to be like that
You are one side
And I am on the other
Are we divided?
Monday, June 27, 2016
Saturday, June 25, 2016
Friday, June 24, 2016
Thursday, June 23, 2016
Wednesday, June 22, 2016
Tuesday, June 21, 2016
Monday, June 20, 2016
Sunday, June 19, 2016
Saturday, June 18, 2016
Friday, June 17, 2016
Thursday, June 16, 2016
Wednesday, June 15, 2016
Tuesday, June 14, 2016
Monday, June 13, 2016
The New Economics of Multi-Sided Platforms: A Guide to the Vocabulary
D. Evans, R. Schmalensee, here.
Sunday, June 12, 2016
Saturday, June 11, 2016
Friday, June 10, 2016
Thursday, June 09, 2016
Marktmacht von Plattformen und Netzwerken
Bundeskartellamt (6. Beschlussabteilung / Think Tank Internet), Arbeitspapier, hier (148 Seiten).
The CMA alleges that Ping has breached UK and EU competition law by operating an online sales ban
Press Release, here.
"Bans on internet trading can be a problem if they seek to prevent retailers reaching a significant proportion of customers. We will now consider any justifications put forward by Ping for the alleged conduct".
"Bans on internet trading can be a problem if they seek to prevent retailers reaching a significant proportion of customers. We will now consider any justifications put forward by Ping for the alleged conduct".
Fair compensation cannot be financed by a budgetary scheme such as that established in Spain
Case C-470/14, EGEDA. Press Release here.
Wednesday, June 08, 2016
Tuesday, June 07, 2016
Gestione collettiva dei diritti d’autore e dei diritti connessi e concessione di licenze multiterritoriali per i diritti su opere musicali per l’uso online nel mercato interno
AGCM, qui.
"L’Autorità ritiene che, in un contesto economico caratterizzato da profondi cambiamenti tecnologici, la mancata apertura del mercato nazionale della gestione dei diritti d’autore limita la libertà d’iniziativa economica degli operatori e la libertà di scelta degli utilizzatori. A suo parere, il mantenimento del monopolio legale appare in contrasto con l’obiettivo di rendere effettiva la libertà dei titolari del diritto di effettuare una scelta tra una pluralità di operatori in grado di competere con l’incumbent senza discriminazioni."
"L’Autorità ritiene che, in un contesto economico caratterizzato da profondi cambiamenti tecnologici, la mancata apertura del mercato nazionale della gestione dei diritti d’autore limita la libertà d’iniziativa economica degli operatori e la libertà di scelta degli utilizzatori. A suo parere, il mantenimento del monopolio legale appare in contrasto con l’obiettivo di rendere effettiva la libertà dei titolari del diritto di effettuare una scelta tra una pluralità di operatori in grado di competere con l’incumbent senza discriminazioni."
Monday, June 06, 2016
Sunday, June 05, 2016
Saturday, June 04, 2016
Friday, June 03, 2016
An Economic Policy Perspective on Online Platforms
B. Martens (JRC Science Hub), here.
"This report is based on the findings and conclusions that can be drawn from existing economic research literature and evidence; it does not present any new evidence. However, it is not meant to provide an exhaustive economic literature review on platforms; it focuses only on a limited number of issues that may be relevant from a regulatory policy perspective. It focuses on potential market failures in digital platforms and examines to what extent existing regulatory tools and self-regulation in platforms can address these failures, or whether there is a need for additional regulatory intervention."
"This report is based on the findings and conclusions that can be drawn from existing economic research literature and evidence; it does not present any new evidence. However, it is not meant to provide an exhaustive economic literature review on platforms; it focuses only on a limited number of issues that may be relevant from a regulatory policy perspective. It focuses on potential market failures in digital platforms and examines to what extent existing regulatory tools and self-regulation in platforms can address these failures, or whether there is a need for additional regulatory intervention."
Thursday, June 02, 2016
Wednesday, June 01, 2016
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Ars Technica, here .
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Here .
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D. Evans, R. Schmalensee, here .
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FAZ, hier .
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T. Hoppner, here .
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Industrial Strategy Council, here .
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Cityam.com, here .