Press Release, here.
Wednesday, January 24, 2018
Tuesday, January 23, 2018
Monday, January 22, 2018
Broken data: Conceptualising data in an emerging world
S. Pink1 , M. Ruckenstein, R. Willim and M. Duque, here.
Fintech, Access to Data, and the Role of Competition Policy
S. Vezzoso (this blog's author), here.
Abstract: The revised EU Directive on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) entered into application on 13 January 2018. The PSD2 introduces a sector-specific data portability rule dubbed access to account, or XS2A. Under the PSD2, specific categories of third parties (“Fintechs”) are allowed to access bank account data to provide payment-related services requested by the customer.
The Paper first outlines how the PSD2 intends to tackle well-known market failures and other issues in the EU payment sector. Second, it discusses the role of competition enforcement in the shadow of the PSD2. Finally, the Paper asks whether the XS2A rule could serve as a template for further access regimes in the data economy.
Alternative title: The Devil in Data Access Regimes
Abstract: The revised EU Directive on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) entered into application on 13 January 2018. The PSD2 introduces a sector-specific data portability rule dubbed access to account, or XS2A. Under the PSD2, specific categories of third parties (“Fintechs”) are allowed to access bank account data to provide payment-related services requested by the customer.
The Paper first outlines how the PSD2 intends to tackle well-known market failures and other issues in the EU payment sector. Second, it discusses the role of competition enforcement in the shadow of the PSD2. Finally, the Paper asks whether the XS2A rule could serve as a template for further access regimes in the data economy.
Alternative title: The Devil in Data Access Regimes
Monday, January 15, 2018
Sunday, January 14, 2018
Saturday, January 13, 2018
Thursday, January 11, 2018
Monologue of the Algorithm: how Facebook turns users data into its profit
Panoptykon Foundation, Video here.
Tuesday, January 09, 2018
MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia SA contre Autoridade da Concorrência
C‑525/16, CONCLUSIONS DE L’AVOCAT GÉNÉRAL M. NILS WAHL, here.
Monday, January 08, 2018
Sunday, January 07, 2018
Friday, January 05, 2018
Thursday, January 04, 2018
Wednesday, January 03, 2018
Thursday, December 28, 2017
Should We Treat Data as Labor? Moving Beyond "Free"
I. Arrieta Ibarra, L. Goff, D. Jiménez Hernández, J. Lanier, E. Weyl, here.
Wednesday, December 27, 2017
Friday, December 22, 2017
Thursday, December 21, 2017
Tuesday, December 19, 2017
Preliminary assessment in Facebook proceeding: Facebook's collection and use of data from third-party sources is abusive
Bundeskartellamt, here. See also Background information on the Facebook proceeding, here and hier.
Bin mir nicht sicher, ob die Uebersetzung hier überhaupt stimmt:
Der Bundesgerichtshof hat hier eine Rechtsprechung entwickelt, wonach die Unangemessenheit von Konditionen auch anhand von Wertungen des Zivilrechts, etwa des AGB-Rechts, oder anhand einer grundrechtlichen Interessenabwägung überprüft werden kann. Dies gilt für alle gesetzlichen Wertungen, die den Schutz einer Vertragspartei in einer ungleichgewichtigen Vertragsposition bezwecken. Hieran anknüpfend prüft das Bundeskartellamt die Vertragskonditionen Facebooks anhand datenschutzrechtlicher Wertungen. Denn auch das Datenschutzrecht bezweckt den Schutz des Betroffenen vor ungerechtfertigten Datenverarbeitungen seiner personenbezogenen Daten durch die Marktgegenseite. Es soll gewährleisten, dass ein Nutzer selbstbestimmt und freiwillig über den Umgang mit seinen personenbezogenen Daten entscheiden kann.
According to the case-law of the German Federal
Court of Justice, civil law principles can also be
applied to determine whether business terms are
exploitative. On principle, any legal principle
that aims to protect a contract party in an
imbalanced negotiation position can be applied forthis purpose. Often, such principles stem from the
legislation on unfair contract terms or the German
Basic Law. Following the Federal Court of Justice's
approach, the Bundeskartellamt also applies data
protection principles in its assessment of
Facebook's terms and conditions. In this regard,
data protection law has the same objective as competition law, which is to protect individuals
from having their personal data exploited by the
opposite market side. Data protection legislation
seeks to ensure that users can decide freely and
without coercion on how their personal data are
used."
Hier nicht falsch aber zu unpräzis (Selbstbestimmung=rechtlicher Begriff):
"Der Schaden liegt hier vielmehr in einem Kontrollverlust für den Nutzer: Er kann nicht mehr selbstbestimmt über seine persönlichen Daten verfügen."
" The damage for the users lies in a
loss of control: they are no longer able to control
how their personal data are used."
Bin mir nicht sicher, ob die Uebersetzung hier überhaupt stimmt:
Der Bundesgerichtshof hat hier eine Rechtsprechung entwickelt, wonach die Unangemessenheit von Konditionen auch anhand von Wertungen des Zivilrechts, etwa des AGB-Rechts, oder anhand einer grundrechtlichen Interessenabwägung überprüft werden kann. Dies gilt für alle gesetzlichen Wertungen, die den Schutz einer Vertragspartei in einer ungleichgewichtigen Vertragsposition bezwecken. Hieran anknüpfend prüft das Bundeskartellamt die Vertragskonditionen Facebooks anhand datenschutzrechtlicher Wertungen. Denn auch das Datenschutzrecht bezweckt den Schutz des Betroffenen vor ungerechtfertigten Datenverarbeitungen seiner personenbezogenen Daten durch die Marktgegenseite. Es soll gewährleisten, dass ein Nutzer selbstbestimmt und freiwillig über den Umgang mit seinen personenbezogenen Daten entscheiden kann.
According to the case-law of the German Federal
Court of Justice, civil law principles can also be
applied to determine whether business terms are
exploitative. On principle, any legal principle
that aims to protect a contract party in an
imbalanced negotiation position can be applied forthis purpose. Often, such principles stem from the
legislation on unfair contract terms or the German
Basic Law. Following the Federal Court of Justice's
approach, the Bundeskartellamt also applies data
protection principles in its assessment of
Facebook's terms and conditions. In this regard,
data protection law has the same objective as competition law, which is to protect individuals
from having their personal data exploited by the
opposite market side. Data protection legislation
seeks to ensure that users can decide freely and
without coercion on how their personal data are
used."
Hier nicht falsch aber zu unpräzis (Selbstbestimmung=rechtlicher Begriff):
"Der Schaden liegt hier vielmehr in einem Kontrollverlust für den Nutzer: Er kann nicht mehr selbstbestimmt über seine persönlichen Daten verfügen."
" The damage for the users lies in a
loss of control: they are no longer able to control
how their personal data are used."
Monday, December 18, 2017
Saturday, December 16, 2017
Friday, December 15, 2017
The Hidden Side of Dynamic Pricing: Evidence from the Airline Market
M. Alderighi, A. Gaggero, C. Piga, here.
Thursday, December 14, 2017
Wednesday, December 13, 2017
Tuesday, December 12, 2017
Monday, December 11, 2017
Saturday, December 09, 2017
Friday, December 08, 2017
Thursday, December 07, 2017
Wednesday, December 06, 2017
Tuesday, December 05, 2017
Common Ownership by Institutional Investors and its Impact on Competition
OECD Secretariat, Background Note, here.
Monday, December 04, 2017
Saturday, December 02, 2017
Friday, December 01, 2017
Thursday, November 30, 2017
Wednesday, November 29, 2017
Examining the Fintech Landscape
US SENATE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN AFFAIRS, Testimonies and Video here.
Tuesday, November 28, 2017
Fairness in platform-to-business relations: Feedback Received by the EC
Here.
Google in praise of competition policy? "This decision, which hinges on specific facts related to online shopping ads, is under appeal to the European Union General Court. It shows that in situations where ranking is a matter of concern,
competition authorities have the appropriate tools to determine legal compliance
and therefore an additional ex ante regulation is not needed."
Google in praise of competition policy? "This decision, which hinges on specific facts related to online shopping ads, is under appeal to the European Union General Court. It shows that in situations where ranking is a matter of concern,
competition authorities have the appropriate tools to determine legal compliance
and therefore an additional ex ante regulation is not needed."
Monday, November 27, 2017
Algorithms: How Companies’ Decisions About Data and Content Impact Consumers
House of Representatives, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE, Hearing Info here.
Testimonies and Video available here.
The following issues may be examined at the hearing:
• How is personal information about consumers collected through the Internet, and how do companies use that information?
• How do companies make decisions about content that consumers see online?
• How effective are current policies and communications with consumers regarding the collection and use of personal data?
Sunday, November 26, 2017
Saturday, November 25, 2017
Friday, November 24, 2017
Thursday, November 23, 2017
CJEU on commitment decisions
C‑547/16, here.
28 It follows that a decision taken on the basis of Article 9(1) of Regulation No 1/2003 cannot create a legitimate expectation in respect of the undertakings concerned as to whether their conduct complies with Article 101 TFEU. As the Advocate General observed in point 39 of her Opinion, the commitment decision cannot ‘legalise’ the market behaviour of the undertaking concerned, and certainly not retroactively.
29 Nonetheless, national courts cannot overlook that type of decision. Such acts are, in any event, in the nature of a decision. In addition, both the principle of sincere cooperation laid down in Article 4(3) TEU and the objective of applying EU competition law effectively and uniformly require the national court to take into account the preliminary assessment carried out by the Commission and regard it as an indication, if not prima facie evidence, of the anticompetitive nature of the agreement at issue in the light of Article 101(1) TFEU.
30 In those circumstances, the answer to the first question is that Article 16(1) of Regulation No 1/2003 must be interpreted as meaning that a commitment decision concerning certain agreements between undertakings, adopted by the Commission under Article 9(1) of that regulation, does not preclude national courts from examining whether those agreements comply with the competition rules and, if necessary, declaring those agreements void pursuant to Article 101(2) TFEU.
Tracking Walls, Take-It-Or-Leave-It Choices, the GDPR, and the ePrivacy Regulation
F. Borgesius, S. Kruikemeier, S. Boerman, N. Helberger, here.
Wednesday, November 22, 2017
Tuesday, November 21, 2017
Monday, November 20, 2017
Legal and Regulatory Challenges Facing Platforms in Europe
Conf call with Alec Burnside, Transcript here.
Commission and China start new dialogue on State aid control and discuss competition policy
EC, Press Release here.
"The European Commission and the three Chinese competition agencies confirmed their readiness to develop closer cooperation on the enforcement of their respective competition laws in the fields of antitrust, mergers and State aid enforcement".
"The European Commission and the three Chinese competition agencies confirmed their readiness to develop closer cooperation on the enforcement of their respective competition laws in the fields of antitrust, mergers and State aid enforcement".
Thursday, November 16, 2017
Accountability of AI Under the Law: The Role of Explanation
F. Doshi-Velez, M. Kortz, R. Budish, C. Bavitz, S. Gershman, D. O'Brien, S. Schieber, J. Waldo, D. Weinberger, A. Wood, here.
Vers la démocratie culturelle
Conseil économique, social et environnemental, Avis ici.
P.37: "Dans son avis Pour un renouveau des politiques publiques de la culture, le CESE s’était exprimé sur le rôle des grandes multinationales de l’industrie numérique dans le financement de la création artistique. La position défendue à l’époque n’a pas changé : « Afin d’associer fiscalement les géants du numérique au soutien de la création et sans préjuger des actions nécessaires pour faire respecter l’ensemble des droits, le CESE est favorable à l’imposition des bénéfices qu’ils réalisent sur le territoire et à la création d’une taxe pour les entreprises qui exercent une forme exclusive de captation des données personnelles ». Afin de compenser en partie les atteintes à la création qu’entraînent l’explosion du numérique et le partage illégal, il pourrait être prévu le fléchage d’une partie des impôts prélevés sur les GAFA vers un fond de soutien à la création musicale, théâtrale et chorégraphique, des arts visuels, du livre."
P.37: "Dans son avis Pour un renouveau des politiques publiques de la culture, le CESE s’était exprimé sur le rôle des grandes multinationales de l’industrie numérique dans le financement de la création artistique. La position défendue à l’époque n’a pas changé : « Afin d’associer fiscalement les géants du numérique au soutien de la création et sans préjuger des actions nécessaires pour faire respecter l’ensemble des droits, le CESE est favorable à l’imposition des bénéfices qu’ils réalisent sur le territoire et à la création d’une taxe pour les entreprises qui exercent une forme exclusive de captation des données personnelles ». Afin de compenser en partie les atteintes à la création qu’entraînent l’explosion du numérique et le partage illégal, il pourrait être prévu le fléchage d’une partie des impôts prélevés sur les GAFA vers un fond de soutien à la création musicale, théâtrale et chorégraphique, des arts visuels, du livre."
Data Flows – Future Scenarios
Prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament’s
Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), here.
Data Portability and Data Control: Lessons for an Emerging Concept in EU Law
I. Graef, M. Husovec, N. Purtove, here.
Wednesday, November 15, 2017
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CERRE, Video here .
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CPDP.ai, video here here .
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Nationaljournal.com, here .
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Antitrust Digest, here (remember that Ascola 2020 presentation?).
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Autorité de la concurrence, ici .
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Panel, Programme here , Video here .
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Tagesspiegel, hier .